The introduction of cell phones, mobile hookup apps and websites have modernized hookup culture, especially among gay men. Reaction by media to hookup culture has been often considered moral panic. Adolescents and emerging adults engage in hookups for a variety of reasons, which may range from instant physical gratification, to fulfillment of emotional needs, to using it as a means of finding a long-term romantic partner. college students, but hookups are not limited to college campuses. Most research on hookups has been focused on U.S. It has also been called nonrelationship sex, or sex without dating. The term has been widely used in the U.S. The term hookup has an ambiguous definition because it can indicate kissing or any form of physical sexual activity between sexual partners. It is generally associated with Western late adolescent sexuality and, in particular, United States college culture. Hookup culture is one that accepts and encourages casual sex encounters, including one-night stands and other related activity, without necessarily including emotional intimacy, bonding or a committed relationship. Overview of casual sex encounters behaviour